ASTM E1733-1995(2008) 实验室试验照明的标准指南
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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforUseofLightinginLaboratoryTesting
【原文标准名称】:实验室试验照明的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1733-1995(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.06
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:actionspectrum;artificiallighting;simulatedsolarradiation;spectraldistribution;sunlight;ultravioletradiation;visiblelight;Actionspectrum;Artificiallight;Contamination;Irradiance/irradiation;Laboratoryapparatus;Lightexposure;L
【摘要】:Theinformationinthisguideisdesignedtoallowinvestigatorsconductingresearchortestsofenvironmentalrelevancetoselectappropriatelightsources.Investigatorswillbeabletomakereasonableselectionsoflightsourcesbasedoncost,therequirementsofthetestorganisms,andthepropertiesofthetestchemicals.Thesemethodshavemajorsignificanceforthecomparisonofresultsbetweenlaboratories.Investigatorsatdifferentsiteswillbeabletoselectsimilarlightsources.Thiswillprovidestandardizationofafactorthatcanhavemajorimpactontheeffectsofhazardouschemicals.1.1Theuseofartificiallightingisoftenrequiredtostudytheresponsesoflivingorganismstocontaminantsinacontrolledmanner.Evenifthetestorganismdoesnotrequirelight,theinvestigatorwillgenerallyneedlighttomanipulatethesamples,andthetestmightbeconductedundertheambientlightofthelaboratory.Onewillneedtoconsidernotonlywhethertheparticulartestorganismrequireslightforgrowth,butalsowhethertheenvironmentalcompartmentrelevanttothetestisexposedtolightand,ifso,whattheattributesoflightareinthatcompartment.Thelightcouldaffectgrowthoftheorganismortoxicityofacontaminant,orboth.Forinstance,ithasbeenshownthatthetoxicityofsomeorganicpollutantsisenhanceddramaticallybytheultraviolet(UV)radiationpresentinsunlight(1,2).Furthermore,thelevelofambientlightinginthelaboratory(whichmightaffectthetest)isnotstandardized,norisitcomparabletonaturalenvironments.Itisthusimportanttoconsiderlightinginallformsofenvironmentaltesting.Whenlightisusedinthetest,oneshoulddeterminewhetherthespectraldistributionoftheradiationsourcemimicssunlightadequatelytobeconsideredenvironmentallyrelevant.Also,thecontainerorvesselfortheexperimentmustbetransparent,atthepointoflightentry,toallofthespectralregionsinthelightsourceneededforthetest.1.2Itispossibletosimulatesunlightwithrespecttothevisible:UVratiowithrelativelyinexpensiveequipment.Thisguidecontainsinformationonthetypesofartificiallightsourcesthatarecommonlyusedinthelaboratory,compositionsoflightsourcesthatmimicthebiologicallyrelevantspectralrangeofsunlight,quantificationofirradiancelevelsofthelightsources,determinationofspectraloutputsofthelightsources,transmittancepropertiesofmaterialsusedforlaboratorycontainers,calculationofbiologicallyeffectiveradiation,andconsiderationsthatshouldgointodesigningarelevantlightsourceforagiventest.1.3Specialneedsorcircumstanceswilldictatehowagivenlightsourceisconstructed.Thisisbasedontherequirementsofthetestandtheenvironmentalcompartmenttowhichitistargeted.Usingappropriateconditionsismostimportantforanyexperiment,anditisdesirabletostandardizetheseconditionsamonglaboratories.Inextremecases,testsusingunusuallightingconditionsmightrenderadatasetincomparabletoothertests.1.4Thelightingconditionsdescribedhereinareapplicabletotestswithmostorganismsandusingmostchemicals.Withappropriatemodifications,theselightsourcescanbeusedundermostlaboratoryconditionswithmanytypesoflaboratoryvessels.1.5Theattributesofthelightsourceusedinagivenstudyshouldlistthetypesoflampsused,anyscreeningmaterials,thelightlevelasanenergyfluencerate(inWmx2212;2)orphotonfluencerate(inx03BC;molmx2212;2sx2212;1),andthetransmissionprope......
【中国标准分类号】:N04
【国际标准分类号】:91_160_10
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:实验室试验照明的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1733-1995(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.06
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:actionspectrum;artificiallighting;simulatedsolarradiation;spectraldistribution;sunlight;ultravioletradiation;visiblelight;Actionspectrum;Artificiallight;Contamination;Irradiance/irradiation;Laboratoryapparatus;Lightexposure;L
【摘要】:Theinformationinthisguideisdesignedtoallowinvestigatorsconductingresearchortestsofenvironmentalrelevancetoselectappropriatelightsources.Investigatorswillbeabletomakereasonableselectionsoflightsourcesbasedoncost,therequirementsofthetestorganisms,andthepropertiesofthetestchemicals.Thesemethodshavemajorsignificanceforthecomparisonofresultsbetweenlaboratories.Investigatorsatdifferentsiteswillbeabletoselectsimilarlightsources.Thiswillprovidestandardizationofafactorthatcanhavemajorimpactontheeffectsofhazardouschemicals.1.1Theuseofartificiallightingisoftenrequiredtostudytheresponsesoflivingorganismstocontaminantsinacontrolledmanner.Evenifthetestorganismdoesnotrequirelight,theinvestigatorwillgenerallyneedlighttomanipulatethesamples,andthetestmightbeconductedundertheambientlightofthelaboratory.Onewillneedtoconsidernotonlywhethertheparticulartestorganismrequireslightforgrowth,butalsowhethertheenvironmentalcompartmentrelevanttothetestisexposedtolightand,ifso,whattheattributesoflightareinthatcompartment.Thelightcouldaffectgrowthoftheorganismortoxicityofacontaminant,orboth.Forinstance,ithasbeenshownthatthetoxicityofsomeorganicpollutantsisenhanceddramaticallybytheultraviolet(UV)radiationpresentinsunlight(1,2).Furthermore,thelevelofambientlightinginthelaboratory(whichmightaffectthetest)isnotstandardized,norisitcomparabletonaturalenvironments.Itisthusimportanttoconsiderlightinginallformsofenvironmentaltesting.Whenlightisusedinthetest,oneshoulddeterminewhetherthespectraldistributionoftheradiationsourcemimicssunlightadequatelytobeconsideredenvironmentallyrelevant.Also,thecontainerorvesselfortheexperimentmustbetransparent,atthepointoflightentry,toallofthespectralregionsinthelightsourceneededforthetest.1.2Itispossibletosimulatesunlightwithrespecttothevisible:UVratiowithrelativelyinexpensiveequipment.Thisguidecontainsinformationonthetypesofartificiallightsourcesthatarecommonlyusedinthelaboratory,compositionsoflightsourcesthatmimicthebiologicallyrelevantspectralrangeofsunlight,quantificationofirradiancelevelsofthelightsources,determinationofspectraloutputsofthelightsources,transmittancepropertiesofmaterialsusedforlaboratorycontainers,calculationofbiologicallyeffectiveradiation,andconsiderationsthatshouldgointodesigningarelevantlightsourceforagiventest.1.3Specialneedsorcircumstanceswilldictatehowagivenlightsourceisconstructed.Thisisbasedontherequirementsofthetestandtheenvironmentalcompartmenttowhichitistargeted.Usingappropriateconditionsismostimportantforanyexperiment,anditisdesirabletostandardizetheseconditionsamonglaboratories.Inextremecases,testsusingunusuallightingconditionsmightrenderadatasetincomparabletoothertests.1.4Thelightingconditionsdescribedhereinareapplicabletotestswithmostorganismsandusingmostchemicals.Withappropriatemodifications,theselightsourcescanbeusedundermostlaboratoryconditionswithmanytypesoflaboratoryvessels.1.5Theattributesofthelightsourceusedinagivenstudyshouldlistthetypesoflampsused,anyscreeningmaterials,thelightlevelasanenergyfluencerate(inWmx2212;2)orphotonfluencerate(inx03BC;molmx2212;2sx2212;1),andthetransmissionprope......
【中国标准分类号】:N04
【国际标准分类号】:91_160_10
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
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