【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforShrinkTensionandOrientationReleaseStressofPlasticFilmandThinSheeting
【原文标准名称】:塑料薄膜和薄板的收缩张力及定向释放应力的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD2838-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.19
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:film;orientationreleasestress;shrinkforce;shrinktension;thinsheeting;Force;Heatingtests--plastics;Heat-shrinkableplasticfilm/sheeting;Orientationreleasestress;Plasticsheetandfilm;Shrinkage--plastics;Shrinkforce;Stress--plasti
【摘要】:Asaresultofthemanufacturingprocess,internalstressesarelockedintothefilmandthesecanbereleasedbyheating.Foranygiventypeoffilmorsheeting,thetemperaturesatwhichshrinkagewillbeginarerelatedtoprocessingtechniquesemployedtomanufacturethefilmandalsomayberelatedtoaphasetransitioninthebaseresin.Shrinktensionaffectstheappearanceandperformanceofafilminashrink-packagingapplication.Itmayalsobeusedtodeterminethedegreeanddirectionoforientation.Theorientationexertsagreatinfluenceuponimportantphysicalcharacteristicssuchastensilestrength,stiffness,tearresistance,andimpactstrength.DatafromProcedureAaremostusefulfordeterminingthedegreeanddirectionoforientation,orientationreleasestress,andthemaximumforcethatthefilmcanexertatagiventemperature.Since,inactualapplications,filmisseldom,ifever,totallyrestrained,datafromProcedureBareusefulinestimatingtheforceanitemtobepackagedwillactuallyreceiveandinpredictingtheappearanceofpackageditems.Thecharacterizationofshrinktensionasafunctionoftemperature,andtheresultantdeterminationoforientationreleasestressanditscorrespondingtemperature,isusuallycarriedoutonlyforaparticularmaterialofspecifiedthicknessforadefinedfabricationprocess.Forproductdevelopmentpurposes,qualitycontrolanddeterminationofconformitytospecificationlimits,themeasurementofshrinktensionatonlyoneortwospecifiedtemperaturesisnormallysufficient.Beforeproceedingwiththistestmethod,referenceshallbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.Anytestspecimenpreparation,conditioning,dimensions,ortestingparameters,orcombinationthereof,coveredintherelevantASTMmaterialspecificationshalltakeprecedenceoverthosementionedinthistestmethod.IftherearenorelevantASTMmaterialspecifications,thenthedefaultconditionsapply.Table1ofClassificationSystemsD4000liststheASTMmaterialspecificationsthatcurrentlyexist1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheshrinktensionandrelatedcharacteristics,thatis,shrinkforceandorientationreleasestress,ofheat-shrinkableplasticfilmandsheetingoflessthan1.0mm(0.04in.)thickness.Twoproceduresaredescribedthatpermitthemeasurementofshrinkforcesatpredeterminedtemperatures.Theyareasfollows:1.1.1ProcedureAisdesignedtomeasurethemaximumforceexertedbyaspecimenthatistotallyrestrainedfromshrinkingasitisheatedrapidlytoaspecifictemperature.1.1.2ProcedureBisdesignedtomeasurethemaximumforceexertedbyaspecimenthatispermittedtoshrinkapredeterminedamountpriortorestraintwhilebeingheatedrapidlytoaspecifictemperature.1.2OrientationreleasestresscanbedeterminedfromthedataobtainedusingProcedureA.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Thevaluesinparenthesesareforinformationonly.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note18212;Filmhasbeenarbitrarilydefinedassheetinghavingnominalthicknessnotgreaterthan0.25x03BC;m(0.010in.).Note28212;ThereisnoknownISOequivalen......
【中国标准分类号】:G33
【国际标准分类号】:83_140_10
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Non-destructivetesting-Characterizationandverificationofultrasonicexaminationequipment-Combinedequipment
【原文标准名称】:无损检验.超声波检验设备的表征和验证.组合设备
【标准号】:BSEN12668-3-2000
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2000-06-15
【实施或试行日期】:2000-06-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:无损检验;测量;试验;探头;试验设备;超声探伤仪;电性质和电现象;特性;特性;无损伤的;规范(验收);设备;质量保证;质量;脉冲回波;校正;校准块;超声检验;超声波装置;符号;检验;验证;生产;材料试验;防爆性试验
【英文主题词】:Calibration;Calibrationblocks;Characteristics;Checks;Electricalpropertiesandphenomena;Equipment;Materialstesting;Measurement;Non-destructive;Non-destructivetesting;Permissibility;Probe;Production;Properties;Pulsereplies;Quality;Qualityassurance;Specification(approval);Symbols;Testequipment;Testing;Ultrasonicdevices;Ultrasonicflawdetector;Ultrasonictesting;Verification
【摘要】:Thisstandarddescribesmethodsandacceptancecriteriaforverifyingtheperformanceofultrasonicequipment(i.e.instrumentandprobecombinedasdefinedinprEN12668-1:1999andprEN12668-2:1998)bytheuseofappropriatestandardcalibrationblocks.Thesemethodsarenotintendedtoprovethesuitabilityoftheequipmentforparticularapplications.Themethodsdescribedaresuitablefortheusebyoperatorsworkingundersiteorshopfloorconditions.ThemethodsonlyapplytopulseechoequipmentusingA-scanpresentation,withgaincontrolsorattenuatorscalibratedinstepsnotgreaterthan2dBandusedessentiallyincontacttesting.Thesemethodsarespecificallyintendedformanualtestingequipment.Forautomatedtestingdifferenttestscanbeneededtoensuresatisfactoryperformance.TherequirementsofEN12668-3:2000donotapplytocombinedspecialultrasonicthicknessmeasuringinstrument.
【中国标准分类号】:H26
【国际标准分类号】:19_100
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语