【英文标准名称】:Structuralbearings-Part3:elastomericbearings.
【原文标准名称】:结构轴承.第3部分:弹性轴承
【标准号】:NFT47-820-3-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:2005-09-01
【实施或试行日期】:2005-09-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;组件;位移;分层的;桥梁建筑;桥;抽样方法;缩写;CE标记;扭转;符号;检验;合格试验;控制;尺寸选定;规范(验收);弹性体;轴承;合格;公差(测量);建筑;建筑产品;定义;弹性轴承
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:Q70
【国际标准分类号】:91_010_30
【页数】:85P;A4
【正文语种】:其他


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDosimetryinGammaIrradiationFacilitiesforFoodProcessing
【原文标准名称】:食品加工用Υ辐照设备的剂量测定的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51204-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;cobalt-60;cesium-137;dosemapping;dosimeter;dosimetry;foodirradiation;foodprocessing;gamma;installationqualification;ionizingradiation;irradiatedfood;irradiation;operationalqualification;performancequalification;radiati
【摘要】:4.1Foodproductsmaybetreatedwithionizingradiation,suchasgamma-raysfrom60Coor137Cssources,fornumerouspurposes,includingcontrolofparasitesandpathogenicmicroorganisms,insectdisinfestation,growthandmaturationinhibition,andshelf-lifeextension.Foodirradiationspecificationsalmostalwaysincludeaminimumormaximumlimitofabsorbeddose,sometimesboth:aminimumlimitissettoensurethattheintendedbeneficialeffectisachievedandamaximumlimitissetforthepurposeofavoidingproductorpackagingdegradation.Foragivenapplication,oneorbothofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbygovernmentregulationsthathavebeenestablishedonthebasisofscientificdata.Therefore,priortotheirradiationofthefoodproduct,itisnecessarytodeterminethecapabilityofanirradiationfacilitytodelivertheabsorbeddosewithinanyprescribedlimits.Also,itisnecessarytomonitoranddocumenttheabsorbeddoseduringeachproductionruntoverifycompliancewiththeprocessspecificationsatapredeterminedlevelofconfidence.NOTE3-TheCodexAlimentariusCommissionhasdevelopedaninternationalGeneralStandardandaCodeofPracticethataddresstheapplicationofionizingradiationtothetreatmentoffoodsandthatstronglyemphasizetheroleofdosimetryforensuringthatirradiationwillbeproperlyperformed(1).4.2Somefoodproductsareprocessedinthechilledorfrozenstate.Therefore,dosimetersusedforroutineprocessingshouldbeselectedfortheirfunctionalityunderthoseconditions.Moreover,thetemperatureofadosimeterduringirradiationshouldbesufficientlystabletoallowcorrectionfortemperatureeffectsonthedosimeterresponse.Toavoidtheinfluenceoftemperaturegradientsondosimeterresponseandthesubsequentneedtocorrectfortheseeffects,methodsthatisolatethedosimeterfromtemperaturegradientsmaybeemployed.NOTE4-Formoredetaileddiscussionsofradiationprocessingofvariousfoods,seeASTMGuidesF1355,F1356,F1736,andF1885andRefs(1-11).4.3Toensurethatproductsareirradiatedwithinaspecifiedabsorbed-doserange,routineprocesscontrolrequiresroutineproductdosimetry,documentedproducthandlingprocedures(before,during,andafterirradiation),consistentorientationoftheproductsduringirradiation,monitoringofcriticalprocessparameters,anddocumentationofallrelevantactivitiesandfunctions.1.1Thispracticeoutlinestheinstallationqualificationprogramforanirradiatorandthedosimetricprocedurestobefollowedduringoperationalqualification,performancequalification,androutineprocessinginfacilitiesthatprocessfoodwithionizingradiationfromradionuclidegammasourcestoensurethatproducthasbeentreatedwithinapredeterminedrangeofabsorbeddose.Otherproceduresrelatedtooperationalqualification,performancequalification,androutineprocessingthatmayinfluenceabsorbeddoseintheproductarealsodiscussed.Informationabouteffectiveorregulatorydoselimitsforfoodproductsisnotwithinthescopeofthispractice(seeASTMGuidesF1355,F1356,F1736,andF1885).Note18212;Dosimetryisonlyonecomponentofatotalqualityassuranceprogramforadherencetogoodmanufacturingpracticesusedintheproductionofsafeandwholesomefood.Note28212;ISO/ASTMPractice51431describesdosimetricproceduresforelectronbeamandX-ray(bremsstrahlung)irradiationfacilitiesforfoodprocessing.1.2Forguidanceintheselectionandcalibrationofdosimetrysystems,andinterpretationofmeasuredabsorbeddoseintheproduct,seeISO/ASTMGuide51261andASTMPracticeE666.Fortheuseofspecificdosimetrysystems,seeASTMPracticesE1026andE2304,andISO/ASTMPractices51205,51275,51276,51310,51401,51538,51540,51607,51650,and51956.Fordiscussionofr......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:67_020
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语